Daily Report By Anil

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MOON e-bike

1. Eco~Smart

2. Eco~Smart Lite   Coming soon...

3. Eco~Smart Pro   Coming soon...

 https://moonelectricbike.blogspot.com

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Eco~Smart 

Eco-Smart Key Specifications

The comfort and quality of the components are still as important on an electric bike as they are on a regular bicycle. But now, there are a few more things you need to consider.

MOTOR

Electric bike motors come in a wide variety of power ratings, from 200W to 1,000W or more. When Eco~Smart bike in use 250W
One more factor needs to be considered, however. The design and location of the motor play an important role in how electric bikes work.
The most common type of motor for electric bikes is called a hub motor. It is generally integrated into the rear or front wheel. When engaged, it pulls or pushes the wheel along. Although this system works well, it has one key disadvantage. Since it is not connected to the bike’s gears, it loses efficiency on hills and varied terrain. Imagine driving a vehicle in just one gear the entire day. It will get you places, but it won’t give you the optimum amount of torque or speed that you get with a full gear range.

BATTERY

Since the battery affects the weight, style, and range of the bike, its choice is crucial. Batteries play a huge part in how electric bikes work. The majority of the batteries you’ll find offered on the market fall into one of the following two categories:

SEALED LEAD ACID (SLA)

These batteries were once the standard battery type for most electric scooters and electric bicycles. These days, most electric scooters still use SLA batteries, while electric bikes (which often require human input) have opted for newer battery technologies to keep the bike as lightweight as possible.

Advantages

• Inexpensive

Disadvantages

• Heavy and bulky
• Offer a shorter riding range
• Shorter life span of about 100-300 full cycle charges
• Require more maintenance, and need to be charged immediately after use

LITHIUM  (ION/ PHOSPHATE/POLYMER/MANGANESE/ETC.)

These are the newest technology in batteries. A lithium Phosphate battery has a lifetime roughly 2-3 times that of an SLA battery. Lithium batteries are much lighter and also are largely maintenance-free.

Advantages

• Lightweight – high-capacity, 24V12Ah Lithium-Phosphate batteries can weigh as little as 2 Kg
• Offer a longer riding range – battery can travel up to 50 KM in pedal-assist mode (or 25 - 30 KM on throttle-only).
• Longer life span of about 1500 charges or 6 years of virtually daily use

Disadvantages

• More expensive – starting at about 5000 - 9000/- and above

CONTROLLER

Available in a variety of styles, the controller lets you operate the electric assistance on your electric bike and is an important part in how electric bikes work. The controller is located on the handlebar for ease of use. There are two main styles of controllers – pedal-activated and throttle-based controllers.
Pedal-activated systems offer electric assistance as you press down on the pedals. There is no need to engage a throttle – simple pedaling will do the trick. Electric bikes with pedal-activated systems have a controller mounted on the handlebar that lets you adjust the level of assistance that you receive as you pedal. You can dial in the amount of assistance you want, ranging from no assistance to a great deal of assistance.
Throttle-based controllers work with a simple throttle mechanism. The throttle will either be a twist-grip type or a thumb-press type. With a throttle, you simply pull back or press the throttle to receive the electric assistance. Some electric bikes require nothing more than activating the throttle, allowing you to ride without pedaling.
By and large, electric bikes are simple to use, ride, and maintain. Overall, they require little maintenance beyond that which a standard bike requires.

How do I operate the bike?

Electric bicycles are designed to be very easy to operate. As a rider, you have three modes of operation available to you:

PEDAL ONLY

At any time, you can pedal an electric bicycle just as you would with a regular one. There is no extra resistance created by the motor, so it will feel exactly as a regular bicycle would. Depending on the model you purchase, your bicycle will come either with a 3 gears or 8 gears or a special NuVinci® N360™ internal drivetrain that provides you with unlimited gears.

PEDAL-ASSIST (SOMETIMES CALLED ELECTRIC-ASSIST)

In this mode, you can take advantage of combined human plus electric power. Once you turn on this mode via the on/off button on the handlebars, the motor will gently provide electric power as you pedal. You can still switch gears as the terrain changes to take advantage of more torque or faster speed. It’s an amazing feeling to use pedal-assist mode, as it makes cycling effortless, flattens out the hills, and frees you to just enjoy yourself and the scenery.
Pedal-assist mode provides three levels of assistance: Low (30%), Medium (60%) and High (100%). The percentage simply indicates how much additional power the motor will provide to complement your pedaling. The low setting adds an additional 30% of power to your pedaling, while High essentially doubles it. A simple press of a button switches you through the different levels.

ELECTRIC-ONLY

This mode of operation allows you to sit back and take a break, as you let the motor do the work. To use “electric only” mode, simply twist the throttle located on the left handlebar and you’ll feel the motor kick in and propel you forward. Keep the throttle turned to continue along or let go if you’re ready to start pedaling or wish to come to a stop. Please note that due to Federal regulations, the top speed in electric-only mode is limited to 20 miles per hour.

Do I need a license to ride one?

Electric bikes are still a fairly new concept in the US, so there is a lot of confusion about how the law views them. Federal law considers electric bicycles in the class as regular bicycles, provided they meet two conditions: (1) the top speed in “electric only” mode is 20 miles per hour; and (2) the motor power must be no more than 750W

How to Design a Car

Cars are important machines that move us from place to place. Designs and models for cars come out annually and they look amazing each year. Why not start your own design for a car? Here is an article to design a car.

1

Think of what your car is going to look like. Will it be electric? Will it be a sports car? Have a brainstorm. Remember, be sure what kind of car you want it to be.

2

Draw some rough sketches of the car. Do it from all angles. Top, side, front, back. If you don't like your sketches, then think of something else.

3

Draw the car on a piece of paper. Use things around the house to draw wheels. E.g Beakers, Lids. If you can't find one the right size, then why not buy some drafting tools. You can get these from all online supermarkets. E.g Amazon, E-Bay.

4

Show the finished drawing to your friends. If you're lucky you might be able to buy some computer equipment so that you can design your car in 3D.

5

If you are working for a car company or maybe just your own little business, then try to make the car. Remember, don't make it out of expensive materials unless you know that you will be able to afford it and still make a profit.

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)

Advanced driver-assistance systems, or ADAS, are systems to help the driver in the driving process. When designed with a safe human-machine interface, they should increase car safety and more generally road safety.

  Adaptive Cruise Control  

This advanced driver assistance technology is especially useful on the highway, where drivers otherwise have to constantly monitor their cruise control systems for safety reasons

  Adaptive Light Control  

Adaptive light control systems are designed to help drivers see better and further in the darkness. This advanced driver assistance technology allows the headlights to swivel and rotates to better illuminate the roadway through corners and in other circumstances.

  Automatic Braking  

Automatic braking is a precrash technology that is designed to reduce the severity of high-speed collisions in the event of a lapse of driver attention.

  Automatic Parking  

Automatic parking systems vary from one OEM to another, but most of them are designed to help a driver parallel park. Some of these systems can actually perform the entire job automatically, and others simply provide advice so that the driver knows when to turn the steering wheel and when to stop.

  Blind Spot Detection  

Blind spot detection systems use a variety of sensors to provide a driver with vital information that would be difficult or impossible to come by through any other means. Some of these systems will sound an alarm if they sense the presence of an object within a blind spot, and other include cameras that can transmit an image to the head unit or another monitor.

  Collision Avoidance Systems  

Collision avoidance systems use a variety of sensors to determine whether a vehicle is in danger of colliding with another object. These systems can typically sense the proximity of other vehicles, pedestrians, animals, and various roadway obstructions. When the vehicle is in danger of colliding with another object, the collision avoidance system will warn the driver. Some of these systems can also take other preventive actions, such as precharging the brakes or apply tension to the seat belts.

  Driver Drowsiness Detection  

Driver drowsiness or awareness detection systems use a number of different means to determine if a driver’s attention is starting to wander. Some of these systems look for the driver’s head to nod in a telltale motion that indicates sleepiness, and others use technology similar to lane detection warning systems.

  GPS Navigation  

GPS navigation systems effectively replace bulky, cumbersome paper maps. These devices are often capable of providing vocal directions as well, which saves the driver from having to actually look at the screen. Some GPS navigation systems also provide live traffic data, which drivers previously had to obtain by listening to news radio stations.

  Hill Descent Control  

Hill descent control is an advanced driver assistance technology that makes it easier to descend steep inclines. These systems typically work by activating the brakes to automatically slow the vehicle, which works through the same basic mechanism that allows ABS, TCS, and other technologies to function. Some hill descent control systems allow the speed to be modified via the cruise control system, and they can typically be overridden by pressing either the brake or the accelerator.

  Intelligent Speed Adaptation  

This advanced driver assistance system depends on a variety of information to help a driver maintain a legal speed. Since these systems monitor the current speed and compare it with the local speed limit, they only function in certain areas.

  Lane Departure Warning Systems  

Lane departure warning systems use a variety of sensors to make sure that a vehicle doesn’t leave its lane accidentally. If the system determines that the vehicle is drifting, it will sound an alarm so that the driver can take a corrective action in time to avoid hitting another car or running off the road. Lane-keeping assistance systems go a step further and are actually capable of taking small corrective actions without any driver input.

  Night Vision  

Night vision systems allow drivers to see things that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to make out at night. There are a number of different implementations, all of which can be broken down into the categories of active and passive. Active night vision systems project infrared light, and passive systems rely on the thermal energy that emanates from cars, animals, and other objects. 

  Tire Pressure Monitoring  

Tire pressure monitoring systems provide the driver with information about the inflation level of each tire. Since the only other way to find out tire pressure involves getting out of the car, getting down on the ground, and physically checking each tire with a gauge, this represents a huge increase in convenience.

Rhodium

Rhodium is a chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a rare, silvery-white, hard, corrosion-resistant and chemically inert transition metal. It is a noble metal and a member of the platinum group.

Atomic number 45 Atomic mass 102.91 g.mol -1 Electronegativity according to Pauling 2.2 Density 12.4 g.cm-3 at 20°C Melting point 1970 °C Boiling point 3727 °C Isotopes 9 Electronic shell [ Kr ] 4d8 5s1 Energy of first ionisation 742 kJ.mol -1 Standard Potential 0.6 V Discovered by William Wollaston in 1803

Characteristics

Rhodium is a hard, silver-colored metal that is very stable and has a high melting point. Rhodium metal is resistant to corrosion and, as a PGM, it shares the group’s exceptional catalytic properties.

The metal has a high reflectance, is hard and durable, and has both a low electrical resistance as well as a low and stable contact resistance.

ASBESTOS

Introduction 

The term asbestos is derived from a Greek word meaning "inextinguishable, unquenchable or inconsumable." It is a generic name for a group of fibrous silicate minerals, the most common of which are chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite. Asbestos is non-flammable even at very high temperatures and is extremely flexible and durable.

Asbestos is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals

Asbestos use in automobiles

Asbestos has been a component of brake pads and linings, clutch facings and various gaskets for many years. Millions of brakes and clutches on cars, trucks, and on auto parts shelves still contain dangerous levels of the material, although it is not generally used in the production of new brakes or clutches.

Brake pads work by applying friction pressure on a spinning brake disc or inside abrake drum. Asbestos was a highly-resistant material heat used in areas producing friction and generating extreme heat. Asbestos brake pads wore and dislodged tiny particles as grit and fine dust.

Asbestos is a group of minerals that occur naturally as bundles of fibers. These fibers are found in soil and rocks in many parts of the world. They are made mainly of silicon and oxygen, but they also contain other elements. There are 2 main types of asbestos:

• Chrysotile asbestos, also known as white asbestos, is the most common type of asbestos in industrial applications. When looked at under the microscope, chrysotile asbestos fibers wrap around themselves in a spiral, which is why this form of asbestos is also called serpentine or curly asbestos.
• Amphibole asbestos fibers are straight and needle-like. There are several types of amphibole fibers, including amosite (brown asbestos), crocidolite (blue asbestos), tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite.